The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine
The Harvest of Sorrow is the first full history of one of the most horrendous human tragedies of the 20th century. Between 1929 and 1932 the Soviet Communist Party struck a double blow at the Russian peasantry: dekulakization, the dispossession and deportation of millions of peasant families, and collectivization, the abolition of private ownership of land and the concentration of the remaining peasants in party-controlled “collective” farms. This was followed in 1932-33 by a “terror-famine,” inflicted by the State on the collectivized peasants of the Ukraine and certain other areas by setting impossibly high grain quotas, removing every other source of food, and preventing help from outside–even from other areas of the Soviet Union–from reaching the starving populace. The death toll resulting from the actions described in this book was an estimated 14.5 million–more than the total number of deaths for all countries in World War I.
Ambitious, meticulously researched, and lucidly written, The Harvest of Sorrow is a deeply moving testament to those who died, and will register in the Western consciousness a sense of the dark side of this century’s history.
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Review by doomsdayer520 for The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine
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In another tremendous masterpiece of Soviet history, Robert Conquest covers Stalin’s manmade famines in this book. Here Conquest provides devastating evidence of the complete insanity and megalomania of communism, especially the Stalinist variety. Regardless of your political leanings, this book proves without a doubt what a cruel, deadly, and completely impossible system communism really is. Stalin and his yes-men decided to embark on an insane crash agricultural collectivization program in the 1920′s and 30′s, hoping to replace the “backwards” system of humble peasants on their own plots (which had been successful for millennia), with a glorious system of industrialized megafarms that would supply the state directly. The first problem was that the state usually required deliveries so impossibly high that the farmers/peasants had nothing left for themselves. This caused a complete breakdown in the agricultural economy (no incentives to produce), plus a famine in which 14 million people died. When the system failed, Stalin and his henchmen became obsessed with finding the “enemy” who was holding everything back. The enemy became the mostly fictitious group of people called “kulaks,” theoretically prosperous peasants who were holding back the masses and the glorious Soviet future. Since these people mostly didn’t exist, the regime had to invent them. Therefore any peasant who had one more cow, one more acre, and was slightly less emaciated than everyone else was branded as a kulak and eliminated. Hundreds of thousands of innocent people were condemned for life in this insanity. Conquest provides plenty of evidence that the Soviet agricultural program could have been slightly more successful if they weren’t busy killing and deporting such huge numbers of potential farmers, and if they had gotten over their irrational search for “enemies” and faced facts instead.Of special interest in this book is Conquest’s side trip to Kazakhstan, where the Soviets attempted the same program, making nomadic peoples settle down and raise crops that couldn’t possibly survive in the area. This led to a famine that killed one million people. This was an accident, but Stalin learned that famine could be used as a weapon. The book then focuses on the Ukraine, which was full of pesky nationalists who didn’t want to be a part of the USSR. First, the regime decided for themselves that the “masses” in the Ukraine hated their own language, culture, and institutions (how could anyone possibly believe this?), and that the masses were being held from glory by a few backwards enemies who wanted to remain Ukrainian. Apparently the “true” workers of the Ukraine would want to be Russianized; so the Soviets executed, deported, or starved as “class enemies” every person who disagreed (that is, almost everybody). The resulting cultural chaos and failed agricultural system resulted in one of the greatest death tolls in history, taken out deliberately on the people of the Ukraine.This book is slightly weaker than Conquest’s all time classic “The Great Terror,” especially in the tendency toward statistical overload. He also assumes that you have read his other works, and keep many things under-explained in this book. Most of the officials and politicians in the book are only identified by their last names and have little or no introductions, plus Conquest assumes that you would know the meanings of esoteric terms like “Borotbist” or “Petliuraist.” This can make the book difficult for the layman.
Posted on October 10th, 2010 at 10:07 pm
Review by Eugene A Jewett for The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine
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Robert Conquest has endured the slurs of the Communist Left in America and Europe as he continues to recall history as a way to chronicle the fight for individual liberty. History will extol his virtues far more than present day academics or big media worthies ever will. This story of inhumane cruelty, perpetrated by Bolshevik ideologues, is so horrible that one wants to suspend disbelief at the turn of every page in every chapter. The complete disregard for the Kulaks by the Bolsheviks at the expense of achieving an ideal should be a lesson for us all. This story should be on the History Channel every week like the stories of German concentration camps. The sheer numbers of genocidal killing show this crime to be even bigger than the holocaust. Conquest details this horror, chapter and verse, of Stalin’s collectivization of agriculture in the Ukraine. He shows the Communist ideal for what it is, a fraud, and this is why we don’t see this event chronicled on a weekly basis. We have too many people in the media in America who are seemingly ignorant, or who wish to turn their heads to the truth, of what actually happened. We still have the “Walter Duranty types” among us who would seek to distribute misinformation to the public in order to keep the collectivist ideal alive. It makes you wonder what it takes for people to get the message?This book points out how Duranty was given a Pulitzer Prize for his misreporting from the Soviet Union, in the early 30′s, that the famine and genocide in the Ukraine were virtually non-existent. That this cur and toady of Stalin, for 14 years the voice to America from Moscow, has not had his Pulitzer prize retroactively recalled tells you something about those who award the Pulitzer prize. This prize is clearly a very bad and a very sick joke.If the Irish think their potato famine was a tragedy, which it certainly was, and they thump their chest at the English, which they certainly do, what do they have to say about the Bolshevik’s slaughter of the Kulak’s? One would think that all people of all nations would band together to denounce such inhumane treatment of mankind by a concentrated number of ideological zealots as described in this book. This is a very sad story that is very trying to read. It’s like reading Valladares’ book “Against All Hope” which is about Cuba under Castro. A more comprehensive book would be “The Black Book of Communism” which also includes information about this Soviet caused famine in the Ukraine. It also includes the plight of people, in all of the other countries that are or have been under the yoke of Communist dictators. Their methods of societal control are identical to those chronicled in this book; the mind reels at the numbers of the dead, …7 million… 11 million… 14 million? It’s just too much to believe. This holocaust should never be forgotten. It should be taught as a required course for college graduation. Why isn’t it?
Posted on October 10th, 2010 at 11:04 pm
Review by Andreas Muenchow (andreas@ahab.rutgers.edu) for The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine
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I did not believe Eastern European friends and dissidents who told me 20 years ago about the mass murder by starvation, deportation, and shooting of the Ukrainian peasantry in the 1930ies. This thoroughly researched and exceptionally well written book removes all doubts. The book exposes both the extensive scale of the genocide (many million dead) and western complacency. It surprises that this major event in European affairs is largely absent from past and present western consciousness.This book is hard to put down as it combines excellent writing with a gripping if true and gruesome story. Conquest gives the men, women, and children that vanished a loud and clear voice without loosing sight of the larger political context. He demonstrates the deadly consequences of individual actions and individual inactions that killed the farmers of the Ukrainian “bread basket.” The story has a chilling echo in more recent events in Rwanda, Kosovo, China, and North-Korea.
Posted on October 10th, 2010 at 11:30 pm
Review by Stephen Wotton for The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine
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Robert Conquest at his best, chronicling a deeply harrowing tragedy. What I find most disturbing about the Terror-Famine is that the gruesome details are still relatively unknown. There are literally only a hand-full of books on the subject, notably Moshe Lewin, Miron Dolot, and Conquest himself. Compare this to the copious writings on the Two Wars and the Holocaust. I Stongly recommend this book, and Conquest’s other masterpiece ‘The Great Terror’, as not only superbly researched history but also a warning against the dangerous fallacy of the Utopian State.
Posted on October 10th, 2010 at 11:35 pm
Review by rob SCHLEIRERMANN for The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine
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I had heard a little from Ukrainian friends about these horrible and diabolical events of the late 20s, and early 30s in Ukraine but NOTHING prepared me for the vast extent of the Atrocity of the century (yes – in due respect to the Jewish people, I am rating this event as even worse than the Shoah, for numerical reasons primarily. I am certainly not discounting Hitler’s atrocity against your people). Conquest relates the events in all their starkness and horror. The weaknesss of Western Governments to do anything at all leaves one disgusted. I am frequently staggered by Communists frequently demanding that certain alleged Nazi war criminals be brought to justice – so they should be – but totalitarianism is always the same, whether from the right or left, and Communism, as Conquest demonstrates, has more than its fair share of blood on its hands. This story MUST be told and retold. The world must know. I congratulate the author for having the courage to go into print in the face of virulent left wing lying propaganda.
Posted on October 11th, 2010 at 12:13 am
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